亭是園林建筑的一種重要建筑類型，在建造中有其獨特的構造方式和構造規律。亭子的體量不大，但造型的變化確是豐富多樣、非常靈活的。亭的造型主要取決于其平面形狀、平面上的組合、屋頂的造形式樣等。下面
山東亭子廠家主要從屋頂層面來介紹亭建筑的構造特點。
Pavilion is an important type of garden architecture, which has its unique construction method and rules during construction. The size of the pavilion is not large, but the changes in shape are indeed diverse and very flexible. The shape of the pavilion mainly depends on its plane shape, combination on the plane, and the shape of the roof. Below, Shandong pavilion manufacturers mainly introduce the structural characteristics of pavilion buildings from the roof level.
（1）屋面的曲率
(1) Curvature of the roof
傳統亭屋面結構，要從防雨方面實際考慮，要使雨水盡量快速落下，在理論上講，屋面采用旋輪線結構將使雨水以快的速度落下，使雨水在屋面上的時間短。竹料難以形成曲度，在處理雨水上，采用上下半竹片相互對扣成凹角，形成了天然的匯水口。
The roof structure of the traditional pavilion should be considered from the practical aspect of rainproof, and the rainwater should fall as quickly as possible. In theory, the cycloid structure of the roof will make the rainwater fall at a fast speed, so that the rainwater will stay on the roof for a short time. Bamboo materials are difficult to form curvature, so when dealing with rainwater, the upper and lower halves of bamboo are interlocked into concave corners, forming a natural water outlet.
（2）屋角起翹
(2) The corner of the house is upturned
翼角的起翹和出翹（也稱沖出），是決定亭屋頂輪廊形象的重要因素。當起翹較高時，則要用更多根梁垛疊起來制作。湖南爪角的沖翹沒有一定的規矩，一般沖出值較少，但起翹較多，沖與翹之比達到1:2左右。多邊形亭子，爪角平角大于90°，沖出值也可相應增大一些，仰視效果較好，而三角亭的沖出值則應盡可能小一些，其理由與前面所述出檐相同。
The rise and fall of the wing angles (also known as rush out) are important factors that determine the image of the pavilion roof corridor. When the lifting height is high, more beam stacks need to be stacked for production. There are no certain rules for the punching and tilting of Hunan claw horns. Generally, the punching value is relatively small, but there is more tilting, and the ratio of punching and tilting reaches about 1:2. For polygonal pavilions with claw angles greater than 90 °, the impact value can also be increased accordingly, and the effect of looking up is better. However, for triangular pavilions, the impact value should be as small as possible, for the same reason as the eaves mentioned earlier.
（3）出檐
(3) Cornice
小式大木的檐寬按柱高的3/10，一般小亭檐高在3m以內，檐寬則在80~100cm左右，這個尺度對于鋼筋砼結構的亭子來說，可以適當放大一些，會更顯輕巧，但不宜減小。
The eaves width of small and large wooden pavilions is 3/10 of the column height. Generally, the eaves height of small pavilions is within 3m, while the eaves width is around 80-100cm. For reinforced concrete pavilions, this scale can be appropriately enlarged to make them more lightweight, but should not be reduced.
（4）亭子的屋面舉架
(4) Lifting the roof of the pavilion
殿堂舉架是從檐步起按步架（即檁間距離，約1.5~1.8m）向上逐步加大屋面坡度，形成凹曲屋面的一種方法。不論亭子大小，將檐到以屋脊間的水平長度劃分成至少4個以上的區間（分區間時好扣除安放寶頂的寬度），使曲線上至少有5個以上的控制點，以便于施工放線。
Hall lifting is a method of gradually increasing the slope of the roof from the eaves step by step (i.e. the distance between purlins, about 1.5~1.8m), forming a concave and curved roof. Regardless of the size of the pavilion, divide the eaves into at least 4 intervals based on the horizontal length between the ridges of the roof (the width of the placed treasure roof should be deducted when dividing the intervals), so that there are at least 5 control points on the curve for easy construction and setting out.
（5）舉架系數數列例表
(5) Example table of lifting coefficient sequence
傳統木結構屋面有采用抬檐聳棟的作法，即在木屋架的人字木兩端各加一副人字木的作法，這種屋面曲線的特點是中間一大段坡度變化比較平緩而兩端變化較大，它比較適宜于進深較大的屋面，如果亭子較大時也可采用這種曲線。
The traditional wooden structure roof adopts the method of lifting eaves and towering buildings, that is, adding a pair of herringbone wood at both ends of the wooden frame. The characteristic of this roof curve is that the slope change of the middle large section is relatively gentle and the changes at both ends are large. It is more suitable for roofs with larger depth, and this curve can also be used when the pavilion is large.
但采用鋼筋砼梁板結構可以不受木屋架節點的制約，在劃分區間時可以任意采用不等的區間，即可將中間需要平緩的區間加長，但這種情況下不能使用上述求總高的方法，而需分段求出舉高再疊加。
However, the use of reinforced concrete beam and slab structures can be free from the constraints of wooden roof truss nodes. When dividing intervals, unequal intervals can be arbitrarily used, which can lengthen the intermediate interval that needs to be gentle. However, in this case, the above method of calculating the total height cannot be used, and the lifting height needs to be calculated in sections and then stacked.
（6）始翹點
(6) Starting point
傳統殿閣的老角梁從金桁處挑出，翼角椽從金柱中心起成放射狀分布，翼角的起翹點必須在金桁分位線上，小亭子一般沒有金柱，屋頂結構習慣采用扒梁支撐，扒梁落在亭子面闊的1/4處時，始翹點也必然落在這一點上，因此北方亭子的檐口都有約開間長度一半的直線段。
The old angle beams of traditional pavilions are picked out from the gold truss, and the wing angle rafters are radially distributed from the center of the gold column. The warping point of the wing angle must be on the dividing line of the gold truss. Small pavilions generally do not have gold columns, and the roof structure is usually supported by a raked beam. When the raked beam falls at 1/4 of the width of the pavilion, the starting warping point must also fall at this point. Therefore, the eaves of northern pavilions have a straight section about half the length of the bay.
That's all for introducing the structural characteristics of pavilion buildings from the roof level. I hope it can help you. For more information, please come to our website http://www.puwff.com consulting service
傳真：0531-86370030
